| Electrical Compatibility | Operating voltage | 12 V or 12/24 V nominal; wide input range around 9–32 V is preferable for commercial vehicles | Prevents flicker, overheating, or premature failure caused by voltage variation | Check the technical data sheet and vehicle charging-system voltage | 10% |
| Electrical Compatibility | Current draw and load behavior | Low current consumption with stable operation; confirm compatibility with electronic flasher systems | LED lamps may draw less current than incandescent lamps and can cause hyper-flashing or warning messages | Measure current with a multimeter and verify whether a load resistor or compatible flasher is required | 8% |
| Physical Fit | Mounting pattern and dimensions | Exact match for mounting holes, grommet, flange, connector, and lamp depth | A small dimensional mismatch can cause water entry, vibration, or installation damage | Compare the drawing, hole spacing, overall dimensions, connector type, and cable exit position | 12% |
| Lighting Functions | Stop, turn, tail, and optional functions | Clearly separated functions with correct wire identification and polarity | Incorrect wiring can disable a safety function or create confusing signal patterns | Test each function independently before final installation | 10% |
| Photometric Performance | Visibility, beam distribution, and color | Uniform illumination, clear separation between functions, and color appropriate to the vehicle application | Brightness alone is not sufficient; poor beam distribution can reduce recognition by other drivers | Review photometric test data and inspect the lamp from multiple viewing angles | 15% |
| Regulatory Compliance | Applicable lighting standards and markings | Evidence of compliance with the regulations required in the installation market; relevant SAE or UNECE test references where applicable | A lamp can function correctly but still be unsuitable for road use if it lacks required approval | Check the lens marking, approval number, declaration, and test documentation | 15% |
| Water and Dust Resistance | Ingress protection rating | IP67 or higher for exposed vehicle locations; the rating should apply to the complete lamp assembly | Road spray, dust, washing, and condensation are common causes of LED and connector failure | Confirm the test report and inspect lens seals, housing joints, cable glands, and connectors | 10% |
| Vibration Resistance | Mechanical design and test evidence | Rigid housing, secure LED board, strain relief, and documented vibration testing | Continuous road vibration can loosen terminals, crack solder joints, or damage the housing | Review vibration-test conditions and check the quality of brackets, fasteners, and cable strain relief | 10% |
| Temperature Performance | Operating temperature range | At least approximately −40°C to +65°C for demanding outdoor applications; confirm the actual specification | Extreme cold, heat, and heat buildup can affect output, seals, electronics, and service life | Compare the rated range with the vehicle’s climate and mounting location | 8% |
| Materials and Construction | Housing, lens, gasket, and terminals | UV-resistant lens, corrosion-resistant terminals, durable housing, and replaceable or serviceable connectors where practical | Material quality influences fading, cracking, corrosion, and long-term sealing performance | Inspect material specifications, terminal plating, gasket compression, and lens clarity | 7% |
| Service Life | LED and electronic reliability | A documented LED life claim, thermal management, surge protection, and a low early-failure rate | LED longevity depends on heat, current control, sealing, vibration, and driver quality—not only the diode rating | Ask for life-test conditions, thermal design details, warranty terms, and failure-rate information | 6% |
| Installation Quality | Wiring, polarity, and connector design | Clearly labeled wires, sealed connectors, correct polarity guidance, and adequate cable length | Good installation design reduces wiring errors, corrosion, rework, and maintenance time | Review the wiring diagram and inspect connector sealing, terminals, and cable flexibility | 5% |
| Warranty and Support | Warranty coverage and technical assistance | Clear warranty period, defined exclusions, accessible technical documentation, and replacement support | Responsive support lowers downtime when a lamp or vehicle system requires troubleshooting | Read the warranty conditions and confirm availability of drawings, wiring data, and replacement parts | 4% |
| Overall Value | Total cost of ownership | Evaluate purchase price, installation labor, energy use, expected service life, downtime risk, and replacement cost together | The lowest purchase price may not provide the lowest operating cost over the vehicle’s service period | Use: Total Cost = Purchase + Installation + Maintenance + Expected Replacement + Downtime | 100% total |