| Thermal Conductivity | Approximately 1–8 W/m·K for general-purpose ceramic formulations; higher grades may exceed this range. | High | Review the test method, specimen preparation, temperature, and the latest technical data sheet. Values measured by different methods may not be directly comparable. | Prefer suppliers that provide independent test reports and batch-level consistency data. |
| Thermal Resistance | The final value depends on bond-line thickness, contact area, mounting pressure, and surface flatness; thinner, uniform layers generally reduce resistance. | High | Request thermal impedance data at the intended application thickness rather than relying only on bulk conductivity. | Check whether the supplier offers application guidance for CPUs, power modules, LEDs, or other target assemblies. |
| Electrical Insulation | Ceramic-filled pastes are normally electrically non-conductive; dielectric strength commonly depends on filler loading, thickness, and test conditions. | High | Confirm dielectric strength, volume resistivity, and test standards. Ask for evidence that the formulation does not contain conductive metal particles. | Select a formulation compatible with high-voltage, LED, battery, and power-electronics safety requirements. |
| Operating Temperature | Many silicone- or synthetic-oil-based thermal pastes are designed for approximately −40°C to 150°C; specialized grades may support higher temperatures. | High | Review continuous-use temperature, short-term peak temperature, thermal cycling results, and any stated limitations. | Match the operating range to the complete system, not only to the processor or heat source. |
| Viscosity and Dispensing | A wide range is available, from manually spreadable pastes to high-viscosity materials intended for stencil, screen, syringe, or automated dispensing. | Medium | Request viscosity at a stated temperature and shear rate, plus information on thixotropy, nozzle size, and dispensing pressure. | Run a production trial to confirm deposit volume, spread behavior, voiding, and equipment compatibility. |
| Pump-Out and Dry-Out Resistance | A suitable formulation should resist migration during thermal cycling and maintain contact after repeated expansion and contraction. | High | Ask for thermal-cycling, pump-out, dry-out, and long-duration aging data under representative assembly conditions. | Give preference to suppliers that can provide reliability data using the buyer’s substrate and heat-sink materials. |
| Material Compatibility | The paste should be compatible with aluminum, copper, nickel-plated surfaces, ceramics, polymer housings, and relevant seal materials. | High | Check corrosion testing, oil separation, surface staining, outgassing, and interaction with plastics or elastomers. | Require compatibility samples when the assembly includes sensitive coatings, seals, or polymer components. |
| Shelf Life and Storage | Commercial thermal pastes commonly offer about 12–24 months of shelf life when stored in the specified sealed packaging and temperature range. | Medium | Confirm unopened shelf life, storage temperature, freeze-thaw limits, settling behavior, and recommended conditioning before use. | Evaluate first-expired-first-out controls and the supplier’s ability to provide sufficient remaining shelf life at delivery. |
| Regulatory Documentation | Global buyers commonly require SDS, RoHS, REACH-related declarations, conflict-minerals information where applicable, and transport classification. | High | Check document revision dates, substance disclosures, country-specific chemical requirements, and packaging labels. | Choose suppliers with a documented compliance process and responsive technical-document support. |
| Quality Management | A controlled manufacturing system should include traceability, incoming-material inspection, process controls, and final batch release testing. | High | Request quality certificates, certificate-of-analysis examples, lot traceability procedures, and nonconformance response practices. | Audit the manufacturing site or review an equivalent third-party quality assessment before approval. |
| Packaging and Logistics | Common formats include syringes, cartridges, jars, and bulk containers. Packaging should protect the paste from contamination, moisture, and premature curing. | Medium | Confirm net-fill tolerance, tamper evidence, shipping temperature limits, dangerous-goods status, and export documentation. | Assess minimum order quantity, lead time, regional warehousing, and backup shipping options. |
| Technical Support and Customization | Strong suppliers can adjust viscosity, thermal performance, dispensing behavior, packaging, or curing characteristics for a defined application. | Medium | Evaluate response time, engineering resources, sample support, failure analysis, and formal change-notification procedures. | Use a scored qualification process covering both laboratory performance and production support. |