| Compact desktop cobot |
Light-duty six-axis collaborative arm |
Approximately 0.5–5 kg |
Approximately 500–900 mm |
Approximately ±0.02–0.05 mm |
Uses servo motors, joint encoders, and force or torque monitoring to control movement around operators. |
Small-part assembly, inspection, laboratory handling, screwdriving, and light pick-and-place tasks. |
Check footprint, end-effector compatibility, programming method, and suitability for limited workspaces. |
| General-purpose cobot |
Medium-payload six-axis collaborative arm |
Approximately 5–12 kg |
Approximately 800–1,500 mm |
Approximately ±0.03–0.10 mm |
Coordinates multiple joints through a robot controller while adjusting speed, force, and position according to programmed limits. |
Machine tending, packaging, palletizing, welding assistance, dispensing, and material handling. |
Compare payload at full extension, cycle time, safety functions, controller usability, and available accessories. |
| High-payload cobot |
Reinforced collaborative arm for heavier tooling or workpieces |
Approximately 12–30 kg |
Approximately 1,000–1,800 mm |
Approximately ±0.05–0.15 mm |
Combines higher-capacity motors and mechanical joints with monitored speed, separation, and force-limiting functions. |
Heavy machine tending, case packing, palletizing, welding, and handling of larger components. |
Verify stopping distance, mounting strength, floor space, energy consumption, and risk assessment requirements. |
| Long-reach cobot |
Collaborative arm optimized for extended workspace coverage |
Approximately 5–20 kg |
Approximately 1,500–2,000 mm |
Approximately ±0.05–0.15 mm |
Uses coordinated joint motion to reach larger work envelopes while maintaining programmed operating limits. |
Large-machine tending, loading and unloading, packaging, welding, and multi-station handling. |
Assess deflection at maximum reach, installation height, cable routing, and reachability around obstacles. |
| Mobile collaborative arm |
Cobot mounted on a wheeled autonomous or manually movable platform |
Arm payload commonly ranges from 3–20 kg |
Arm reach commonly ranges from 700–1,800 mm |
Depends on arm and mobile-platform design |
Combines arm motion with mobile navigation, onboard sensors, battery management, and location or docking functions. |
Flexible machine tending, warehouse handling, inspection routes, and production lines with changing layouts. |
Evaluate navigation accuracy, battery runtime, docking repeatability, platform stability, and wireless integration. |
| Food, pharmaceutical, or clean-production cobot |
Collaborative arm configured for hygienic or controlled environments |
Commonly 3–12 kg, depending on the application |
Commonly 700–1,500 mm |
Often approximately ±0.03–0.10 mm |
Provides the same force-monitored robot motion while using suitable surface materials, sealing, lubrication, or cleaning procedures. |
Food handling, laboratory automation, medical-product packaging, and clean assembly. |
Confirm ingress protection, cleanability, surface finish, approved lubricants, and applicable hygiene requirements. |
| Safety and compliance |
Applicable to all collaborative robot arm categories |
Not a payload classification |
Not a reach classification |
Not a precision classification |
Collaborative operation may use safety-rated monitored stop, hand guiding, speed and separation monitoring, or power and force limiting. |
Shared workspaces where the robot and operator perform related tasks, subject to application-specific risk assessment. |
Review ISO 10218-1, ISO/TS 15066, local machinery regulations, safeguarding, stopping performance, and task-specific hazards. |
| Programming and integration |
Common feature across modern collaborative robot arms |
Depends on the selected arm and tooling |
Depends on the selected arm and mounting position |
Depends on the robot, tool, payload, and operating conditions |
Programs may be created through a graphical interface, teach pendant, hand-guiding, simulation software, or industrial communication protocols. |
Rapid deployment, batch production, line changeovers, quality inspection, and repetitive material handling. |
Compare PLC communication, fieldbus support, vision integration, digital I/O, software updates, and operator training. |
| End-effector compatibility |
Gripper, vacuum tool, welding torch, screwdriver, dispenser, or inspection tool |
Tool weight must be included in the total payload |
Effective reach changes with tool geometry |
Tool compliance can affect practical accuracy |
The robot sends motion and I/O commands to the tool while monitoring the combined load and operating conditions. |
Part gripping, fastening, dispensing, surface finishing, welding, inspection, and packaging. |
Check tool weight, center of gravity, pneumatic or electrical utilities, automatic tool changing, and collision behavior. |
| Overall selection benchmark |
Best-fit collaborative robot arm for a specific production task |
Payload should exceed the combined workpiece and tool load with an appropriate margin |
Reach should cover all required positions without operating at the mechanical limit |
Required accuracy depends on the process and vision or fixturing system |
Performance results from the combined design of mechanics, motors, sensors, controller software, tooling, and application setup. |
Manufacturing, logistics, electronics, automotive components, food processing, and general industrial automation. |
Prioritize total cost of ownership, local technical support, spare parts, training, warranty, integration capability, and validated application performance. |