| Six-Axis Articulated Robot |
4–6 or more |
3–500+ kg |
0.6–4.0+ m spherical envelope |
Typically ±0.02–0.10 mm |
Arc welding, spot welding, machine tending, assembly, painting, palletizing, material handling |
Highest flexibility; can approach parts from many angles; supports complex tool orientations |
Higher purchase and integration cost; requires more programming and safety engineering |
| SCARA Robot |
4 |
1–20 kg |
0.3–1.2 m radial reach |
Typically ±0.01–0.03 mm |
High-speed pick-and-place, screwdriving, insertion, small-part assembly, dispensing |
Fast horizontal motion; compact footprint; strong repeatability; relatively simple setup |
Limited orientation and access compared with six-axis robots; less suitable for large or irregular parts |
| Delta / Parallel Robot |
3–4 |
0.1–6 kg |
Usually 0.4–1.6 m diameter work area |
Typically ±0.1–0.5 mm |
Food packaging, sorting, inspection, lightweight assembly, high-speed product transfer |
Very high cycle rates; low moving mass; excellent for repetitive overhead handling |
Small payload; restricted workspace; installation often requires an overhead frame and precise vision integration |
| Cartesian / Gantry Robot |
3–6 linear or rotary axes |
1–2,000+ kg, depending on frame design |
Rectangular travel; commonly 0.5–20+ m per axis |
Typically ±0.02–0.20 mm |
CNC machine loading, large-part handling, pallet transfer, dispensing, cutting, 3D printing |
Scalable work envelope; straightforward programming; suitable for long linear travel and heavy loads |
Large structural footprint; limited flexibility around obstacles; custom engineering may be required |
| Cylindrical Robot |
3–4 |
5–100 kg |
Cylindrical envelope; commonly up to 1–2 m radial reach |
Typically ±0.05–0.20 mm |
Machine loading, simple assembly, handling around a central workstation, basic welding |
Efficient use of floor space; good vertical movement; relatively simple mechanical layout |
Less common for complex modern applications; limited tool orientation and obstacle avoidance |
| Collaborative Robot |
Typically 6 |
3–30 kg |
0.5–2.0 m reach, depending on configuration |
Typically ±0.02–0.10 mm |
Low-volume assembly, inspection, screwdriving, light machine tending, packaging, assisted material handling |
Flexible deployment; easier redeployment; generally lower integration complexity; designed for monitored human-robot operation |
Usually slower and lower-payload than conventional industrial robots; collaborative operation still requires a documented risk assessment |
| Robotic Palletizer |
4–5 |
40–700+ kg including tooling |
Typically 2.0–3.5 m reach |
Typically ±0.05–0.20 mm |
Case palletizing, bag stacking, layer forming, depalletizing and warehouse transfer |
High throughput; consistent stacking patterns; reduces manual lifting and ergonomic risk |
Requires suitable conveyors, grippers, pallet fixtures and safety guarding; optimized mainly for handling applications |
| Mobile Industrial Robot / AMR |
Mobile base plus optional 4–7-axis arm |
Base payload commonly 100–2,000+ kg; arm payload varies |
Facility-wide navigation; route length is application-dependent |
Positioning commonly ±10–50 mm; docking accuracy can be higher with fixtures |
Line-side delivery, warehouse transport, work-in-process movement, autonomous inspection and flexible material flow |
Flexible routing; scalable factory logistics; reduces fixed conveyor infrastructure |
Needs reliable maps, traffic management, charging strategy and clear access routes; generally not intended for high-precision machining |
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